The Debate Over The Future Of Education Essay - 1385 Words

The debate over the future of education in the United States rages on. The subject of education in the United States is an incredibly divisive one, and for good reason, due to the large and overreaching impacts education has on our society as a whole. Historically, the issue of education has been controversial in nature, one that begets passion, and prevents objective thinking from taking root. Past decisions remain heavily contested for their efficacy, and new ideas suffer the same fate. Even just looking at events occuring during our most recent presidency, it is possible to see the necessity of changes being made, and yet the resistance or opposition to the changes implemented remains strong. With the new direction our country is taken, no doubt the issue of education will soon again be at the forefront of the minds of the American public. Currently in the United States, the argument over education is centered around three major topics, how schools should be structured, the merits of a standardized education, and what is it important for people to know in this day and age. In truth, however, all of these questions can be boiled down to a simpler, more fundamental question: Who has the power to control what the next generation learns? One of the prime conflicts over the tropic of education in America in the recent years has been the school structure itself. Many conflicts abound from this at both the higher and lower institutional levels. Specifically, the most prevalentShow MoreRelatedChapter Six Of America s Teachers833 Words   |  4 PagesReading chapter six of America’s Teachers: An Introduction to Education (Newman, 2006) reminded me of the Barenaked Ladies song It’s All Been Done (Page, 1998). As I read the conflicting sides of each argument regarding education as far back of the Civil War, I kept thinking how none of this sounded new. It’s all been done before, and we are still debating many of the same issues. Newman (2006) put it another way, â€Å"Despite promoters’ claims to the contrary, few educational wheels are brand newRead MoreEssay on Sex Education in Schools1677 Words   |  7 PagesAs children grow, they accumulate knowledge over the years about a variety of s ubjects to prepare them for the future. Children learn from parents, schools, life experiences, what they watch and other influences around them, and it can be either positive learning or negative learning. There is one subject that is difficult to teach and have control over because of misunderstandings, lack of teaching, and publicity. 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According to Economist Robert Reich, he states that The probability that a poor child in America will becomeRead MoreNational Standards And Public Education1453 Words   |  6 PagesEducation has longed to be a part of this countries foundation and unfortunately for a long time there has been differing opinions about the standards and curriculum of public education. â€Å"And for as long as American have fought the culture wars, they have debated the role of education, the institution most essential to ensuring the reproduction of national identity.† (Hartman, 2013) This essay will evaluate the sides for and against the creation of national standards in public education. The highRead MoreMac vs. PC: The Debate and the Dilemma Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesMac vs. PC: The Debate and the Dilemma Background of the Debate The debate between whether to buy Macintosh or buy a PC has been ongoing since Microsoft first introduced Microsoft Windows in November 1984. Apple Macintosh had developed its first personal computer, mouse and graphical user interface (GUI) in January of 1984. The debate has grown and has been the subject of many articles and even is the main high light of various websites. This frequently heatedRead MoreThe And The Contemporary Manifestations Of Alternates From Traditional School Structures1419 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican history. The reason I am writing about this topic, and the reason this is an important realm of education to observe and explore, is because of the push for an individualized approach to students’ education and the success that stems from that. With the rise of treatments and special programs for students with special learning needs and accommodations, the use of alternative education structures becomes all the more prevalent and necessary to discuss . This issue is important to everyone involvedRead MoreEssay about Community Report: Sacramento Food Bank and Family Services944 Words   |  4 PagesSFBSF was founded as a result of one person recognizing an extreme need for change in our communities. Father Madigan began the SFBSF in the basement of his church located in Oak Park in 1976 to help the growing number of people in need in Sacramento. Over time, he found many other passionate supporters of the cause and now his non-profit organization is able to provide free emergency goods and services to almost fifteen thousand people in need each month (Sacramento Food Bank Family Services). Now

Comparing Soccer and Water Polo Essay examples - 730 Words

The history of sports dates back before the discovery of America or even the birth of Jesus Christ. Sports have been in a constant evolution ever since their introduction to the world, such as Tsu’Chu to soccer or polo to water polo. Although soccer and water polo are popular in America today many athletes have come to love these two unique sports. Both sports are physically exhausting, demanding all an athlete has to offer to the game. They test the limit of the body and push it into the next level of competition. To a new comer these two vicious sports seem drastically different, but when it comes to the basics no two sports could be more alike. Soccer is a sport widely known and loved throughout Europe, but little in the United†¦show more content†¦Just like soccer, water polo is extremely popular within Europe, but in the States the demand for the sport is not as high. It is played in a pool that is twenty-five meters long. Water polo unlike soccer restricts a pla yer to the use of one their hands at a time. The player must tread water, while being able to catch and throw the ball with one hand, along with a defender trying to pull him or her under water. The pool consists of two goals, and two teams of seven trying to put the polo ball in the opponents net. Just like a soccer player would use his or her foot work to get around a defender, the polo player uses moves to break free from the defender and advance down the pool. Teams will wear matching uniforms, but since they are in water they wear head caps with their number and team color on it, so they can differentiate the players. Players must survive four quarters of seven-minutes, while only being allowed thirty-five seconds to have possession of the ball. But once that time has expired the ball is handed to the other team. When it comes to rules, referees are very picky and allow very little foul play. One common ground for both sports would be the use of a ball about the same size. Alon g with the flow of the game, since players are constantly on the move to either defend the ball, score, or get the ball away from their opponent. Soccer and water polo are both in need for the speed of a quick and smart player who is willing toShow MoreRelatedComparing The American Academy Of Dramatic Arts And The University Of California1183 Words   |  5 Pagesgood variety of courses. The American Academy of Dramatic Arts and The University of California (L.A.) are 2 good colleges to study dramatic arts, and film in the United States. Both schools have similarities and differences. Here I am going to be comparing both colleges, and later I will choose which is the best. First, let’s talk about the requirements for admission of both colleges. The University of California in Los Angeles is one of the best colleges in the United States. And becauseRead MoreStat 200 Exam 2 Essay5066 Words   |  21 PagesCorrect Answer(s): | D | 24. Which one of the following choices describes a problem for which an analysis of variance would be appropriate? A)  Comparing the proportion of successes for three different treatments of anxiety. Each treatment is tried on 100 patients.   B)  Analyzing the relationship between high school GPA and college GPA.   C)  Comparing the mean birth weights of newborn babies for three different racial groups.   D)  Analyzing the relationship between gender and opinion about capitalRead MoreDevelopment Of Nutritional Information For The Uc Merced Varsity Athlete4896 Words   |  20 Pagesnutrition contributing to successful athletic performance is well known, but not completely understood and applied among athletes. 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Management Roles In the late 1960s, Henry Mintzberg, then

Claims to Equality Langston Hughes’ Utilization of the Word “I” Free Essays

The black man has struggled for a long time to be considered equal to the white man.   Being called â€Å"African American†, and being given the same rights as other ethnicities in America, is the legitimization of his claim to his American heritage.   â€Å"I, Too† and â€Å"Theme for English B† are some of the poems written by Langston Hughes, an African American poet and writer who is interested in putting a higher stake on the claim by creating poetry which boosts the place of the black man in literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Claims to Equality: Langston Hughes’ Utilization of the Word â€Å"I† or any similar topic only for you Order Now    â€Å"I, Too† and â€Å"Theme for English B† proclaim the equality of the black man to the white man, but while â€Å"I, Too† sounds like one man conversing with anyone, â€Å"Theme for English B† is addressing the white man directly, in the person of the professor. â€Å"I, Too† may seem like one side of a conversation, but the determination to be recognized as an equal is not any weaker.   There is a quiet confidence in the narrator when he says â€Å"Besides/ they’ll see how beautiful I am/ and be ashamed– /I, too, am America† (Hughes, I. Too lines 15-18).   The â€Å"besides† at the beginning of the stanza makes it conversational and relaxed.   In the first stanza, the narrator says â€Å"but I laugh/and eat well/and grow strong (Hughes, I. Too lines 5-7)† in response to the segregation that black people are suffering.   Though the poem may sound relaxed, the â€Å"treatment† is â€Å"not casual† because it â€Å"speaks of the oppression of the black people and relates to any oppressed group in America† (Mitchell and Henderson 28). Though the laugh that the narrator uses to respond to adversities seems to be too carefree on his part, he is not without a plan.   After all, he talks about getting stronger.   The fight to equality here is not loud, but quieter and more planned.   It can be as serious as an underground plan for a protest or as simple as improving oneself in order to show that black people are equal to any other race.   The poem itself is testament to that quiet move to prove equality.   Hughes uses the â€Å"I† in his poem not to limit the poem or to become â€Å"introspective†, but like Anglo-American poet, Walt Whitman, to expand. â€Å"Theme for English B† is a more direct claim to equality, made possible through the narrator’s letter to his white professor.   It is a man’s claim to his inheritance, despite being considered by others as unworthy of it because he does not have the expected qualities of an heir.   â€Å"Theme for English B† is said â€Å"to explode the notion of a racially pure self despite the white writing instructor’s insistence on it in the text’s opening exhortation† (Jarraway 833).   The first stanza is the writing instructor’s assignment:   â€Å"Go home and write/ a page tonight./ And let that page come out of you—/ Then, it will be true† (Hughes, Theme for English B lines 1-4). The rest of the poem is the response of the narrator, who believes that since he is young and the only black student in his university, his ideas may be considered unlike those of his professor’s and his classmates’; the ideas, after all, come from a different background.   However, he still believes that no matter how different he is to his writing instructor, they are the same – equal:  Ã‚   â€Å"But it will be/ a part of you, instructor. / You are white—/ yet a part of me, as I am a part of you./ That’s American./ Sometimes perhaps you don’t want to be a part of me./ Nor do I often want to be a part of you. But we are, that’s true!† (Hughes, Theme for English B lines 28-35)   Equality is not limited to being alike because no matter how their colors are different, the professor and the narrator are both Americans, and of course, both human.   The poem is about equality in America, but it can well be equality in the wo rld with the narrator declaring himself as a human being with human traits and rights. The two poems from Langston Hughes’ collection of poetry, which speaks about how black people live, struggle and celebrate, are similar in their objective to describe a narrator that moves forward in his goal of being recognized as an equal.   Though Hughes makes use of the â€Å"I† in the wider sense of the word, his writings are also very autobiographical in the sense that his narrators reveal his own views on the state of black America.  Ã‚   What makes his poetry wider and less introspective is the importance of the topics themselves, and their effects on many people and to societal change. The two narrators’ uses of â€Å"I† differ in energy and mood.   The narrator in â€Å"I, Too† claims equality but has a more passive role in the quest for that recognition.   Nevertheless, he has a positive attitude and does not let discrimination destroy him; instead, he strives to be stronger in order to prove himself equal.   On the other hand, the narrator in â€Å"Theme for English B† uses â€Å"I† in relation to â€Å"you†, the other, the white man.   He uses the two pronouns to emphasize the similarity underneath the surface.   Instead of staying put and reacting towards discrimination and segregation, he actively confronts the professor who represents white people. Langston Hughes’ has effectively used â€Å"I† to strongly claim the black man’s rights in America.   In the two poems â€Å"I, Too† and â€Å"Theme for English B,† he shows that no matter how the black man declares his equality, be it passive or active, he is undoubtedly equal to any other man from any other race despite outward differences. Works Cited Hughes, Langston. â€Å"I. Too.† n.d. Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Theme for English B.† n.d. Jarraway, David R. â€Å"Montage of an Otherness Deferred: Dreaming Subjectivity in Langston Hughes.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American Literature, Vol. 68, No. 4 (December 1996): 819-847. Mitchell, Arlene Harris and Darwin L. Henderson. â€Å"Black Poetry: Versatility of Voice.† The English   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal, Vol. 79, No. 4 (April 1990): 23-28. How to cite Claims to Equality: Langston Hughes’ Utilization of the Word â€Å"I†, Essay examples

Deemed Occur Predicted Corporate Manager †Myassignmentrhelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Deemed Occur Predicted Corporate Manager? Answer: Introduction Uncertainty hovers over every project when it is started and determination of risks is key for making decisions which is required by the managers. Big companies are known to incorporate tough ways to tackle risks in case of capital budgeting (Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan 2015). Therefore, every manager should know the methods of risk assessment. The main jobs of corporate managers are to marketing profits for their company but they should also know how to mitigate risks. Capital budgeting related to sensitivity analysis One of the several methods for identifying risks is sensitivity analysis which assists in showing the alterations in NPV related to the applied change of a variable given as input on the contrary when other things stay the same (Slagmulder, Bruggeman and Wassenhove 2013). Input variables are determined with their base value by the managers to conduct sensitivity analysis. The base value is the most relevant value which is deemed to occur predicted by the corporate manager. When determination of base value is done then requirement of testing the net present value of the sensitivity of the cash flow is there which is related to the variation in variable concerned with some percentage of units that keeps other variables constant. It is important to note that the change in values must be made keeping the relation of amount of products sold and cost in mind (Burns and Walker 2015). It can be argued that, sensitivity analysis is the key in showcasing the effect of changes which occur in taking assumptions. It must be mentioned that sensitivity analysis supports decision making for various capital budgeting. It also helps the managers to notice how the possible NPV are distributed and the impact perceived by the internal return rate of the project which is under discussion. It also oversees the influence in a specific input variable. At any given time, managers taking the decisions are needed to create assumptions regarding the project in a way that time take n, amount of sales units in the project and the capital cost is considered. Corporate managers need to know about the authenticity of the assumptions and the expected changes in the final outcome of the project so that they cannot make incorrect assumptions (Fama 2014). The process of measurement of sensitivity of the outcomes taking part in the speculations for the project is known as Sensitivity analysis. In this, alteration of one speculation is done to keep others intact which will determine the changes which will occur in NPC and IRR. Cash flows are being foretold by the managers at the time of capital budgeting. Sales forecast and the cost are the fundamentals on which other systems of cash flow forecasting is done. Sales volume and selling price of a unit is reflected by the sales revenue. Market shares of the organization and size of the market depends of the sales volume of the concerned project. Analysis of the tax cash flow done by the concerned managers determines the IRR and NPV (Grob 2013). This is computed by adding different variables of discount, cash flows, rate and project life. Hence it can be said that each variable is uncertain in most cases. Variables which are set for the project are sensitive and their degree if sensitivity is determined by doing sensitivity analysis. Therefore, the sensitivity of IRR and NPV is determined by the analysis about alterations in a specific variable. Capital budgeting related to Scenario analysis As depicted in scenario analysis, one variable is changes at appoint of time. Since all variables are correlated, as they must be to be relevant in all cases when each scenario portrays different combination of variables. Scenario analysis is termed as the approach of behaviour and is same as sensitivity analysis but has a wider perspective (Brunzell, Liljeblom and Vaihekoski 2013). It calculates the effect which a change in organization brings when the numbers of variables are changed such as capital cost, cash inflow and outflow. For example, the company may determine the low and high values of the NPV of the concerned project. Individual scenario assists in showing the various stages of NPV with variables such as cash inflow, capital cost and cash outflow. NPV estimates can be used by the managers with the prospect of risk evaluation related to the project concerned with the degree of inflation. During decision making process, the managers are unsure of their assumptions. Some of those assumptions can alter the course of problems and its specifics (Hartman 2014). It is known facts that sensitivity analysis is the most popular technique of capital budgeting but it come with some limitations. But these uncertainties are resolved through scenario analysis. It incorporates the possibilities with the respective variables and provides the managers with a chance to change numerous variables at one time. Most certain set of variables taken as input variables make the base method of Scenario analysis. Then it moves towards the worst case scenario slowly and then jumps to the best case scenario (Fama 2013). Accounting mentioned that there are some daring managers who get carried away with the most certain results and ignore the possibilities some vague assumptions can create which may be fluctuations in the economy and uncertain reactions of the competitors. All the possible outcomes can be taken into account through Scenario analysis including best case and worst case scenarios. There are four important points to be considered in the analysis. In the primary stages, determination of factors which will be foundations for assuming scenarios is done. These factors may be the economic condition and the competitors reaction on any business activity of the company (Titman and Martin 2014). The second factor consists of establishing various scenarios which needs to be analysed by keeping each factor under consideration. In usual practice, there are three basic factors the first one is the best case scenario, second one is average case scenario and the last one is the worst case consequence. The third factor is considered by focusing on important factors and establishing specific consequence for every factor (Baos-Caballero, Garca-Teruel and Martnez-Solano 2014). Each factor is given a certain probability which will make the final component. The macro-economic factors such as rate of interest, rate of exchange and factors of micro economics and reactions of the comp etitors compute to make the assignments. Analysis of each and every scenario is done at the time of preparing NPV. Capital budgeting related to Break Even analysis Managers do the sensitivity analysis in which they come against the problem about the status of the project when the sales will decrease or the cost will increase. Production quantity and the minimum rate of sale are to be known by the managers in any case so that the project does not incur loss (Higgins 2012). This phenomenon is called break-even-analysis and the least quantity which needs to be produced to evade loss is the break-even-point. In terms of capital budgeting the project which is at the break-even is as good as the business which givers zero percent return. An individual or a company both get their return of the actual investment in the above mentioned scenario. But the factor of time value of money is not compensated and there is no reimbursement of the value of risk which was taken by the investor. If seen in different context, managers tend to let go of their cost of opportunity of capital invested. Hence, it can be stated that the project which breaks even accords negative NPV (Brealey, Allen and Mohanty 2012). Breakeven analysis is a better place to start but it ignores some of the most important information. It is oblivious to the matters of possibilities of acquiring proper results or how the outcome will result into. It can be seen by managers as a big winning opportunity by ignoring the possibility of losing some money. Therefore it can be said that Break-even analysis stresses more on NPV and ignores the aspects of profits made by accounting. Capital budgeting related to Simulation analysis Analysis done of the scenario and the sensitivity are known to be the best models for knowing the uncertainties of investment in the projects. Hence it can be noted here that both the above mentioned models do not consider the relationship between the variables and ignores the possibilities of alterations in the variables (Aebi, Sabato and Schmid 2012). There is method called Monte Carlo Simulation Analysis which helps the computer in adding the risks involved in capital budgeting. The name Monte Carlo is given because the method which contains numbers, driven randomly from the distribution possibilities. It is known to be statistics based method that applies numbers which are random and previously given possibilities which can change the result of the entire project and its gains (Brigham and Houston 2012). It requires high end functionality of the computer to work in efficient manner. Analysis done for simulation is varied from the basic concept of sensitivity analysis in ways that differ from estimation of important variables, probable distribution of values for every variable is applied. The process of simulation structure generation starts from the computer that calculates simultaneous values in a random manner for every known variable which might be same as the model of project life, market, sale price, growth rate and cost of the variable etc. In the guidance of set of values which are randomly selected a new order of cash flow is generated and fresh NPV is calculated (Wang and Sarkis 2013). The same method is applied on different places which can go to few hundred times or even greater than that if the project is huge. The managers are equipped with this procedure to make project decisions on the variations of possibilities regarding the NPV of the project. Distribution model shows that the mean value of NPV will be calculated and the relevant standard deviation will be applied the take account of the level of risk taken in the project (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2013). When the possible outcomes are distributed, then the manager gets the chance of seeing the continuum of all possible results rather than just getting a single estimate. It is imperative to note here that Monte Carlo Simulation includes the possibilities and the sensitivities coming in distribution. The most important aspect of this structure is that it allows the managers and stakeholders to take note of the possibilities of NPV distributions in place of a single estimate of the concerned NPV (Arnold 2013). Strength of simulation analysis makes its impact on the differences as it properly tackles all the problems of many exogenous entities involved in any kind of distribution. It forces the managers to consider the indecisions and uncertainties explicitly that are involved in the projects of capital budgeting. Conclusion The above mentioned discussion emphasis on methods used in capital budgeting which are mainly rooted on the speculations and uncertainty. All the decisions of investments made by the managers are going to be constructed on the establishment of various important matters which includes market value of the company, cash flow generated by the company and dividends paid. Methods used in capital budgeting gives the managers the options as they are equipped with accurate details which are compiled with much precaution and carefulness so that if they are used then they should not create problems when the circumstances change which may be of economic or technological nature. In those circumstances the evidences produced by the computer can be of much help and can save the day for the managers. Reference Aebi, V., Sabato, G. and Schmid, M., 2012. Risk management, corporate governance, and bank performance in the financial crisis.Journal of Banking Finance,36(12), pp.3213-3226. Arnold, G., 2013.Corporate financial management. Pearson Higher Ed. Baos-Caballero, S., Garca-Teruel, P.J. and Martnez-Solano, P., 2014. Working capital management, corporate performance, and financial constraints.Journal of Business Research,67(3), pp.332-338. Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Brealey, R.A., Myers, S.C., Allen, F. and Mohanty, P., 2012.Principles of corporate finance. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. business Learning. Brigham, E.F. and Houston, J.F., 2012.Fundamentals of financial management. Cengage Learning. Brunzell, T., Liljeblom, E. and Vaihekoski, M., 2013. Determinants of capital budgeting methods and hurdle rates in Nordic firms.Accounting Finance,53(1), pp.85-110. Burns, R. and Walker, J., 2015. Capital budgeting surveys: the future is now. Fama, E.F., 2013. Risk-adjusted discount rates and capital budgeting under uncertainty.Journal of Financial Economics,5(1), pp.3-24. Gitman, L.J., Juchau, R. and Flanagan, J., 2015.Principles of managerial finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Grob, H.L., 2013.Capital budgeting with financial plans: an introduction. Springer-Verlag. Hartman, J.C., 2014. The parallel replacement problem with demand and capital budgeting constraints.Naval Research Logistics (NRL),47(1), pp.40-56. Higgins, R.C., 2012.Analysis for financial management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Slagmulder, R., Bruggeman, W. and van Wassenhove, L., 2013. An empirical study of capital budgeting practices for strategic investments in CIM technologies.International journal of production economics,40(2-3), pp.121-152. Titman, S. and Martin, J.D., 2014.Valuation. Pearson Higher Ed. Wang, Z. and Sarkis, J., 2013. Investigating the relationship of sustainable supply chain management with corporate financial performance.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,62(8), pp.871-888

Generations in the Workplace free essay sample

In today’s workplace mixing and managing employees is not an easy thing to do. Nowadays there are four different generations working together in a single office space. This can be a challenge for everyone involved as differences in generations can cause people to clash and create conflict, particularly in the oldest and youngest group of employees. The problem lies in these different generations having different values and ideas as well as varying ways in which to execute tasks. However, there is a benefit to having a mixed group of workers collaborating with each other, and can create efficiency and effectiveness if everyone’s value is recognized and more importantly accepted. Firstly, in a work environment, generational differences affect anything and everything. It presents issues with recruiting, team building, motivating team members and communication. These issues in turn can lead to conflict and a high employee turnover rate, which can then reflect poorly on a business. We will write a custom essay sample on Generations in the Workplace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to FDU Magazine Online, research indicates that people communicate based on their generational backgrounds. They state, â€Å"Each generation has distinct attitudes, behaviors, expectations, habits and motivational buttons. † They also divide the four different generations into a timeline. Veterans stem from 1922 – 1945, Baby Boomers from 1946-1964, Generation X from 1965 – 1980 and Generation Y comes from 1981-2000. These groups can be carefully distinguished through different characteristics. A clear understanding of the differences lies in work ethic and values. Veterans see work as a duty, where as on the other end of the generation line, Generation Y sees work from an entrepreneurial point of view as well as focusing on what’s next after their current job, position or role. Another notable difference is older generations prefer hierarchy and process to get things done, whereas younger employees just want to get the task done and produce the outcome and the process in between doesn’t matter as much. The solution to blending these four different generations in a workplace and creating efficiency through this lies in the leadership and management of an organization. An effective manager needs to be able to understand that each generation has a different upbringing and cultural experience and learn how to adapt this to their way of communicating with their various employees. He or she also has to recognize and appreciate what is important to each generation. In addition to this, management should seek to draw on the strengths of each generation. Every generation has something they can contribute and excel at. Anne Houlihan states at on ReliablePlant. com â€Å"imagine how much more effective everyone on your team could be if you each learned from the strengths of others as well. So, publicly acknowledge what each generations strengths are and encourage everyone to share their viewpoints and values with the group. Once you get the dialogue started, the learning naturally follows. † Moreover, an effective manager or leader should adapt his or her management style for each generation. A Baby Boomer manager would rather stay at work after the standard 5pm deadline to put in long hours, whereas a Generation X or Y employee will leave on the dot because they value life balance. In order to help create a cohesive workplace the manager cannot manage based solely on their value system but instead should take into consideration the employee’s value system. In doing this they also need to understand and accept what they cannot change. Furthermore, when workplaces, employers and employees can recognize where the conflict comes from and the solution to overcoming this, they can then clearly see the benefits of having four different generations working side by side with each other. Ultimately, more knowledge and more experience can give you more power and strength. This is what any organization needs and wants in order to be successful. Older generations, particularly the veterans, can draw on a lifetime of experience, and historical knowledge. They can serve as key sources of research information. At the same time, Generation Y is crucial to an organization’s present day drive and can serve as the engine of a company utilizing their pop culture awareness and fast paced ever-evolving technology, which is another important element to the success of today’s businesses. The generations in between can serve as a useful bridge to the gap between the older and younger generations, perhaps they have even experienced a bit of both sides and can assist in an effective timeline of workers. Finally, workplaces should try to engage these strengths and continuously benefit from them. If they did this by opening the dialogue and using employee’s strengths they would find that it is possible and beneficial for four generations to work together in an effective and efficient manner.

Preparing for the Private School Interview

Preparing for the Private School Interview Private school interviews can be stressful. You are trying to impress the school and put your best foot forward. But, this doesnt have to be an interaction that makes you lose sleep at night. Here are some tips to make the interview go more smoothly. Research the School Beforehand ​If you really want  to attend a given school, be sure you know some basic information about the school before the interview. For example, you shouldn’t express surprise that the school doesn’t have a football team during the interview; thats the kind of information thats readily available online.  While you will find out more information on the tour and during the actual interview, be sure to read up on the school beforehand.  Make it clear that you know something about the school and are eager to attend by making such remarks as, â€Å"I know your school has an excellent music program. Can you tell me more about it?† Prepare for the Interview Practice makes perfect, and if youve never been interviewed by an adult before, this can be an intimidating experience. Its always a good idea to study potential questions they may ask you. You dont want to have scripted answers, but being comfortable talking off the cuff about given topics will be helpful.  Be sure you remember to say thank you and to shake hands with the admission officer at the end of the interview. Practice good posture and remember to make eye contact with your interviewer, too. Older students may also be expected to know about current events, so you might want to be sure that youre keeping up on whats happening in the world. Also be ready to talk about potential books, things that are happening at your current school, why youre considering a new school, and why you want that school in particular. Younger children may be asked to play with other children in the interview, so parents should be prepared to tell their child ahead of time what to expect and to follow rules for polite behavior. Dress Appropriately Find out what the school dress code is, and be sure to dress in attire that is similar to what  the students wear. Many private schools require students to wear button-down shirts, so don’t dress in a tee-shirt, which will look impolite and out-of-place on the day of the interview. If the school has a uniform, just wear something similar; you dont need to go buy a replica. Don’t Stress Out This goes for both parents and students.  Admissions staff at private schools are far too familiar with the child who is on the brink of tears on interview day because his parents have given him a bit too much advice- and stress- that morning. Parents, be sure to give your child a big hug before the interview and remind him- and yourself- that you are looking for the right school- not one you have to campaign to convince that your child is right for. Students need to remember to just be themselves. If youre the right fit for a school, then everything will come together. If not, then that just means there is a better school out there for you. When on the tour, be sure to respond to the guide politely. The tour is not the time to voice disagreement or surprise about anything you see- keep your negative thoughts to yourself. While it’s fine to ask questions, don’t make any overt value judgments about the school. Many times, tours are given by students, who may not have all the answers. Save those questions for the admission officer. Avoid Over-Coaching Private schools have become wary of students who have been coached by professionals for the interview. Applicants  should be natural and should not make up interests or talents that aren’t really innate. Don’t feign interest in reading if you haven’t picked up a pleasure reading book in years. Your insincerity will be quickly discovered and disliked by the admissions staff. Instead, you should be prepared to speak politely about what interests you- whether it’s basketball or chamber music- and then you will come across as genuine. Schools want to know the real you, not the perfectly poised version of you that you think they want to see. Common Interview Questions Here are some common questions you might be asked in private school interviews: Tell me a bit about your family? Describe the members of your family and their interests, but stay away from negative or overly personal stories. Family traditions, favorite family activities, or even vacations are great topics to share.Tell me about your interests? Do not fabricate interests; speak about your true talents and inspirations in a thoughtful and natural way.Tell me about the last book you read? Think ahead of time about some books you have read lately and what you liked or didn’t like about them. Avoid statements such as, â€Å"I didn’t like this book because it was too hard† and instead speak about the content of the books. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Real Estate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Real Estate - Research Paper Example In tandem with some good prospects for other GCC states, such as Qatar which is expected to benefit from the real estate boom fueled by its hosting of the World Cup in 2022, Kuwait is seen as enjoying a boost to its real estate sector in general moving forward, with positive signs in 2012. Of the three segments, residential, investment and commercial segments in Kuwait, it is the residential sector that has seen much growth in 2012, followed by the investment segment, and with the commercial segment trailing and exhibiting problems and poorer prospects overall relative to the residential and investment segments of the Kuwaiti real estate sector (Ejaz). Taking a step back, prior to the financial crisis of 2007-2008, it is worth noting that prospects for the Kuwaiti real estate sector were seen as very good by the mainstream investing public, with the real estate sector seen as being one of the key pillars of the Kuwaiti economy, together with oil and the Kuwaiti stock exchange. As it is at present, in 2007 the residential segment of the sector was seen as leading the charge of growth, with the investment segment behind it, and the commercial segment seen as doing relatively well too, during that time, with growth at an compounded annual growth rate of 18.8 percent for the period from 2000 all the way to 2006. We can see, moreover, that from the way the literature has segmented the Kuwaiti real estate sector, that industrial real estate translates to commercial real estate roughly, as this is the segment of the sector that is allotted to businesses. The investment segment, on the other hand, pertain to those properties that are allocated to being rented out to foreigners and other entities within the Kuwait society (Global Investment House KSCC). Moreover, taking the entire discussion in the context of the situation of the real estate availability in Kuwait, one sees that because of the government mandate to provide property/housing for all citizens of Kuwait, an d owing to the fact that just a tenth of the total land in the country is available for real estate activities, that two things are evident. One is that residential or non-industrial real estate dominates activities in Kuwait. Two is that there is less emphasis conversely on the industrial real estate sector in Kuwait, with Kuwaiti real estate firms focused instead on venturing into nearby regions for industrial real estate development due to the lack of land for such purposes in Kuwait. On the other hand, government is in charge of most of the industrial real estate development in the country, it seems, from the way the government has been spearheading the very large industrial projects in Silk City and in the islands of Failaka and Bubiyan, with the goal of uplifting the state of industrial development in Kuwait to make it on even terms with the level of business real estate development in the other GCC countries (Zawya). There are prospects for industrial real estate activities w ithin the free trade zone known as the Kuwait Free Trade Zone or KFTZ, which had been in operation since 1999, and have about 90 percent occupancy rates for companies who have on paper come to enjoy some of the benefits that do not accrue

Police role descriptions in the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Police role descriptions in the media - Essay Example Being a bank of almost all the police stories in the United States, this website serves as an accessible source for the most recent happenings which concerns police and their activities. Four stories will be chosen depicting these four police roles. An analysis will be offered whether this depicted role is real or not. During December 21, 2007, the Salt Lake Country Sheriff's Office boasted of seizing more than 400 pounds of exotic, African-based drug called "khat" which is reported to be sweeping the whole United States. The drug is typically chewed and similar with other illegal drugs, produces a feeling of euphoria inducing hypnosis, hyperactivity, hallucinations, violence, suicidal depression and physical exhaustion. Even though not as intense as cocaine, "khat" has the ability of reducing a person's motivation with continued use (Winslow and Reavy 2007). Even though the price of khat is expected to discourage consumption among the low and middle income classes, the police expect that it will be a phenomenal drug for young adults because of it can be chewed instead of being injected or smoked (Winslow and Reavy 2007). The effort of seizing the drugs is a way to combat the problems which is associated with drug addiction once a distribution network is set-up. It should be noted that khat is gaining popularity indicated by the presence of 25 tons of smuggled khat in the United States in 2006 (Winslow and Reavy 2007). In this story, the highlighted police role is crime fighter whereby the police act in order to fight the crime of drug smuggling, illegal drug trafficking, and the likelihood of drug abuse which can disrupt peace and order in the community. In this particular story, I believe that the media has no intention of romanticizing the story by clearly labeling police as a crime fighter. Since the story only talks about the seizure of khat and the likely effects of khat abuse, the role of the police as a crime fighter stated in here is real. I believe that police are really committed in combating drug smuggling, drug trafficking, and drug abuse because it being unable to stop them can post larger problems for them in the future. Social Servant The Associated Press releases a very heart-warming Christmas story of a policeman in Philadelphia. This story relates how transit officer Steven Rocher helps a woman deliver her baby while he is on his way to deliver presents to his mother's home. Hearing a woman scream for help while lying in this sidewalk, this transit officer immediately halted and responded to the woman's plea. Even though inexperienced in the task, he managed to deliver the baby and communicated his gladness that the baby is safe. After the delivery, Rocher also flagged down a colleague in order to bring the mother and the newborn baby to the nearest hospital (PA helps deliver 2007). This story recounts how an officer can be a social servant by going beyond his

United States National Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

United States National Security - Essay Example Michael Ignatieff (2002) characterizes weak and collapsing states as the chief source of human rights abuses in the post-cold war world as these states comprise the world's most poor population that are easily disposed to resorting to violence against other groups, their own governments or international terrorism primarily in a battle of survival. James Wolfensohn, formerly of the World Bank, calls for a global strategy that includes measures designed to address "the root causes of terrorism: those of economic exclusion, poverty and under-development."(Wolfensohn, 2002) This paper outlines why are failed and failing states significant threat to United States national security by first establishing whether failed and failing states are in a position to pose a significant threat to the United States. The paper will look into the reasons why they are a threat and in case it is established that failed or failing states are not a threat to US security, the essay will discuss the reasons thereof. It is also relevant to determine the scope and level of post-911 threat perceptions in the corridors of power in Washington as well as define what is a "failed" and "failing" state. Though the concept of failed or failing state is relatively new, it has quickly established itself as part of the international relations lexicon and the strategic vernacular apparently since the year 2000, and it has many definitions. Various characterization in the literature are: fragile states (Goldstone et al, 2000), difficult partners (OECD, 2001), Low Income Countries Under Stress (LICUS) (World Bank, 2002), poor performers (AusAid, 2002), difficult environments (Torres & Anderson, 2004), weak performers (ADB, 2004), failed and failing states (Rotberg, 2004) and countries at risk of instability (Government of the UK, 2005). CIA's Instability Task force defines state failure as the collapse of authority of the central government to impose order in situations of civil war, revolutionary war, genocide, politicide and adverse or disruptive regime transition. Rotberg (2004), on the other hand characterizes failure of the state as being marked by an inability to provide basic political goods-especially security, dispute resolution and norm regulation and political participation-to many, if not most, of its citizens. A failed state may face restrictions on its sovereignty, such as political or economic sanctions, the presence of foreign military forces on its soil or other military constraints such as a "no-fly" zone. A prestigious journal, Foreign Policy, and the Fund for Peace, in independent research organization in their joint-project called "Failed States Index" (FSI) define a failing state as the one in which the government does not have effective control of its territory, is not perceived as legitimate by a significant portion of its population, does not provide domestic security or basic public services to its citizens and lacks a monopoly on the use of force. A failing state may experience active violence or simply be vulnerable to violence. According to the yearly survey on state instability conducted by Foreign Policy and Fund for Peace, there are some sixty states that are most likely to qualify as failing states. Twelve social, economic, political, and military indicators were used to rank 148 states in order of their vulnerability to violent internal

Sports Management Skills

Sports Management Skills Imagine that you are the owner of a professional minor league football team in Cookeville, TN, called the, Cookeville Eagles. You are trying to build a better revenue venue to make your team fiscally stronger and to encourage and promote better attendance. As a result, you have decided to merge with the Tennessee Titans and play half of your game in Cookeville (using TTUs stadium) and the other half in Nashville, TN (using the Titians stadium). Keep in mind, that your team is stationed in Cookeville, TN. The Titans owner and a few members of their executive board graduated from Tech and they desire to give back as alumni. List the five top stakeholders that you would involve upon this new endeavor. Tennessee Titans athletic administration City of Nashville fans Tennessee Tech University athletic administration State of Tennessee government Putnam County residents Describe each stakeholders role, responsibility, and why they were selected to be involved in this process. First, the Tennessee Titans athletic administration would have to agree with the merger for the Cookeville Eagles to play at the stadium. Since a few members of the executive board are Tennessee Tech graduates, they are proud of the city of Cookeville and probably want to see the city improve. Merging stadium contracts has the potential of bringing in more fans for the Cookeville Eagles. It is the Titans athletic administrations responsibility to not only agree with the merging contract, but also provide some support for facility management, security, event staff, and sponsors for the Cookeville Eagles even though the Cookeville Eagles administration will have full responsibility of any executive decisions. The City of Nashville, particularly the fans, are also on this endeavor. The goal of the merger is to promote to the fans and increase the fan base. When playing at Nissan Stadium, Cookeville fans can travel to Nashville to watch the Cookeville Eagles. However, when playing in Nashville, the surrounding fan base can grow based on how the Eagles are promoted to the city of Nashville. The City of Nashville is also responsible for paying for the tax dollars whenever the stadium is being used. Therefore, the fans that live in Nashville are somewhat invested in the Cookeville Eagles. The fans located in Nashville have a significant role during this process. Tennessee Tech University athletic administration is considered one of the top stakeholders because of the facility management at TTUs stadium (Tucker Stadium). As the leaders of Tucker Stadium, the facility staff, event staff, and marketing staff are responsible for the safety, well-being, and promotional offers of the fan base. The athletic administration, which includes the president of TTU, has a role in merging contracts due to Tucker Stadium being controlled by the university. The State of Tennessee, specifically the government, is also an important stakeholder in this situation. The role of the Tennessee state government in this merger has everything to do with the taxes. Since Tucker Stadium is owned by Tennessee Tech and Tennessee Tech is publicly owned by the Tennessee government, the State of Tennessee has some fiscal responsibility to the Cookeville Eagles team since half of their home games are played in Tucker Stadium. The final stakeholder is the citizens of Putnam County. Similar to the city of Nashville fans, the citizens of Putnam County are affected every time a home game is played in Cookeville. Traffic during games could affect the citizens of Cookeville especially since the fan population could increase in size from the merger. Local businesses are affected by the merger since more fans may be attending games. On the opposition, since half the home games are not located in Cookeville, this could have a potential drawback to the local businesses because the fans only attend half of the home games throughout a season. The residents of Putnam County would also have to travel further to attend a home game in Nashville which could be a deciding factor of not attending a game for the fans in Putnam County. The responsibility of Putnam County residents would be to support the Cookeville Eagles which may be difficult when the Eagles play a home game in Nashville. Putnam County residents are the mos t important stakeholder involved in the merging of stadiums since they are the majority of the fan base. As the owner of the Cookeville Eagles you will need to identify what type of leadership style you will execute to begin this process. As a result, list the four types of common leadership styles that are used by sport practitioners in the field of sport management. As a beginning process, the type of leadership I would bring as the owner of the Cookeville Eagles is autocratic. The autocratic leader has the final say, instructs the employees of their duties, and keeps employees under close supervision (Lussier Kimball, 2014, p. 376). Another type of leadership is democratic which involves encouraging employees to make their own decisions, working together with employees, while not providing close supervision (Lussier Kimball, 2014, p. 376). Laissez-faire is a type of leadership that does not involve much input to employees while the employees make their own decisions without the leader following up (Lussier Kimball, 2014, p. 376). Participative style is the fourth common type of leadership. Under this leadership, there is less direction provided to employees because they are highly capable of completing tasks while given encouragement from the participative leader (Lussier Kimball, 2014, p. 389). Although decisions are often made between the leader and the employee, the participative leader rarely supervises (Lussier Kimball, 2014, p. 389). The beginning leadership style of owning the Cookeville Eagles for me is autocratic so I can visually see how tasks are performed to get an idea of work ethic of the administration. It would be difficult to start a leading role not using your own decisions. Therefore, I would trust my instincts and decision-making skills initially. Over time and after things settle down, I would change the leadership role to a participative style so the employees have a positive encouragement to complete tasks and make decisions on their own. As the owner, what type of leadership style would you demonstrate/incorporate, with the stakeholders, upon embarking this new endeavor? Discuss why you selected this type of leadership style. I believe the democratic leadership style is the most beneficial when collaborating with the stakeholders. Encouraging surrounding ideas about decisions allows diversity within the organization which allows the democratic leader to make decisions while having several options. Instead of telling employees what to do, as a democratic leader, I would work closely with the stakeholders and keep an open mind about opportunities. For example, if the Cookeville Eagles decided to merge with Nissan Stadium and host half of the home games at both Tucker Stadium and Nissan Stadium, the opinions of the stakeholders previously mentioned would be strongly considered before making final decisions. Explain in detail what the SWOT analysis is and how it will affect both the Tennessee Titians and the Cookeville Eagles. BE SPECIFIC and VERY DETAILED with the SWOT analysis for this question. (Do not skip the four steps involved in the SWOT) An important step in the decision-making of merging Tucker Stadium and Nissan Stadium is using the SWOT analysis. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are included in the analysis (Lussier Kimball, 2014, p. 97). Assessing these four characteristics of a strategy are significant for the Titans and the Eagles environment internally and externally (Lussier Kimball, 2014, p. 97). When analyzing the strengths of the Titans-Eagles merger, one of them is essentially doubling the size of the fan base by using two cities because of the promotional and marketing schemes of the Cookeville Eagles. Since Nashville is a large metropolitan area, the economy greatly benefits from professional sports. According to research studied by Robert Wassmer, a professor in the Graduate Program in Public Policy and Administration at California State University, Sacremento, professional sports venues in downtown metropolitan areas provide greater economic benefits to largely populated areas. I must conclude by commending Nelson on his recognition from urban theory and, from the empirical evidence offered by Baade, that the strong possibility exists that a professional sports venue located downtown offers greater economic benefits to a metropolitan area than does one located elsewhere (Wassmer, 2001, p. 270). Nashville and surrounding area would benefit economically from a minor-league football team due to having two professional teams playing in the same stadium. More fans attending the games mean an increase in success for local businesses. Wassmer agrees in the same article, Whether it is publicly or privately financed, a metropolitan area receives the same benefits from an arena or a stadium (Wassmer, 2001, p. 267). Opposing the strengths, weaknesses come with every strategy. One of the most influential weaknesses on merging two stadiums is the local tax dollars. Perhaps most important to the calculation of an appropriate multiplier is the nearly always ignored fact that local public dollars used to finance a stadium or arena require an increase in local taxes or a decrease in local expenditure (Wassmer, 2001, p. 267). Not only increasing local tax dollars, because Tucker Stadium is an entity of the state of Tennessee, but local Cookeville fans would have to travel to Nashville to watch a home game which may not interest the local fan much like increasing tax dollars. Whenever there is a home game in Cookeville, the local residents may also not like all the traffic that comes with an increased fan base, another drawback to increasing the fan base. Unfortunately, another weakness is that Cookeville is not considered a metropolitan area. Although Cookeville is expanding, the population size of the city is not comparable to that of Nashville. Therefore, Tucker Stadium may not draw as big of a crowd as it would a crowd in Nashville. Of course, there are several opportunities to merging the two stadiums. If the merger is successful, the Cookeville Eagles could create enough revenue to build a bigger stadium in the city. If a new stadium is built, employment opportunities increase in the stadium. Although small increases in employment rates arise from a new stadium, larger increases are seen in local businesses because of the sporting event attraction (Wassmer, 2001, p. 267). Regarding metropolitan-wide income increases that could occur from stadia, Mills, like most economists, stressed the importance of counting only spending that would not have occurred in the absence of the sports venue (Wassmer, 2001, p. 267). Residents within the Cookeville area would also spend money on the athletic event instead of an event held outside the area. All these opportunities would result from earning more money from an increased fan base being involved in two cities. Along with the potential opportunity of building a new stadium is the potential of becoming a National Football League team which would be extraordinary for Cookeville. An unfortunate side of merging two stadiums is the potential loss of fans from the city of Cookeville. Some local fans could view that the administration of the Cookeville Eagles may not see that Cookeville is a good enough city to host a minor-league football team. Fans could become discouraged the minor-league football team would even consider separating home games. Utilizing two cities as home field advantage could affect the community in a negative manner and discourage local and community involvement as was the opposite case for Manchester City in 2003 when they considered relocating the stadium because the ticket sales and fan attendance were declining (Edensor Millington, 2008, p. 174). The threat was so severe to Manchester Citys soccer organization, instead of relocating the stadium, the marketing and promotional teams appealed to the die-hard, local fans by promoting detailed t-shirts that united the community (Edensor Millington, 2008, p. 173). In the city of Cookeville, splitting half of the home games could be seen as a way for the Cookeville Eagles to leave Cookeville all together eventually. Another threat is that Nashville may not agree with the merger for the purposes of having Cookeville as a potential rival in the future. If the Cookeville Eagles succeed in rising to the NFL, the Tennessee Titans could lose fans to the rival, Cookeville Eagles since they are in the same state. Discuss and elaborate on why you are for or against the new minor league Cookeville Eagles team. Knowing the city of Cookeville relies on the surrounding athletic teams and is highly involved in the community, a minor-league team would not benefit the city of Cookeville. Continuing with the merger of the two stadiums, I do not agree with either. Since Cookeville revolves around the integrity of the community, the weaknesses and threats outweigh the strengths and opportunities of a minor-league team in the city. The best style of leadership beginning a team in Cookeville is autocratic even though eventually the leadership style would change to allow the employees to voice their opinions. Even though an autocratic leadership style would be the most beneficial for starting off a new professional team, I believe the people and surrounding community have the most important say in bringing a professional minor-league football team into Cookeville. Beginning a team is difficult especially in the city of Cookeville where community members show moderate support the university athletic teams. Because of the difficulty beginning a team and due to a lack of interest in the community football team for the university, it is not in the best interest for Cookeville to invest in a professional minor league football team. As with any new and old sport organization there are risked involved. As a result, you will need to define and explain what risk management entails(do not skip this part of the question). Locate a professional National Football League (NFL) court case associate with risk management. The court cases can focus on one of the following: crowd control safety as it relates to the law, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) as it relates to facility management, security issues at a professional event, or emergency medical preparedness. Reminder, the court case needs to be NFL related. The goal is to help you be proactive as the future owner of the Cookeville Eagles. Risk management utilizes several resources within an organization to assess, control, and maintain a condition, object, or situation that potentially harms people (Fuller Drawer, 2004, p. 349). The process of risk management requires prevention, communication, and a preparation by all parties involved including facility managers, medical staff, police, paramedics, athletes, event staff, players, managers, coaches, and even the fans. Managing potential risks in an athletic environment is an important detail for sports administrations to provide safety to stakeholders. Practicing emergency situations, correcting stadium ADA violations, and understanding crowd security or traffic control should be priorities for an athletic department every year. Follow the format listed below: Ritchie v. National Football League, State of Hawaii On September 18, 2013, Deb Ritchie (plaintiff) filed a claim in the First Circuit Court of the State of Hawaii against the National Football League (NFL) and the State of Hawaii (defendants). Ritchie claims the defendants violated the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the rehabilitation Act, and state law claims based on Defendants denial for Ritchie to sit front-row during the 2013 Pro Bowl at Aloha Stadium. Share and explain the actual case Both parties have filed motions against each other. The NFL and the State argue that Ritchie has no grounds for disability discrimination claims and did not establish any facts to support claims against ADA violations in Aloha Stadium. While the State sought partial summary judgment on Ritchies Rehabilitation Act claim because Aloha Stadium had received no federal funds, Ritchie sought a summary judgement for the NFL was responsible for all operation decisions in Aloha Stadium at the 2013 Pro Bowl. The State owns and operates Aloha Stadium (page 3). During the 2013 Pro Bowl, the NFL and State denied Ritchie access to her ticket in a front row seat because she struggled with mobility and offered her to sit in the ADA accessible seats (page 3-4). Since the NFL was under license agreement with Stadium Authority, the NFL has the right to decide all operations of Aloha Stadium including security details, staffing decisions, (page 4-6). During the 2011 and 2012 Pro Bowls, Ritchie enjoyed attending the games with her family. She purchased ten tickets to the 2013 Pro Bowl with the intention of sitting in the front row. Before the 2013 Pro Bowl, Ritchie was in an accident that required her to be dependent on a wheelchair and crutches to move. She informed an NFL employee about her status and requested field access to get to her front seat since the wheelchair seating was way up in the endzones (page 8). The NFL responded by accommodating her with accessible seating in a different sectio n and denied Ritchie field access. After a series of emails between security personnel, the plaintiff, and the defendants, the NFL offered Ritchie the same priced seats in ADA accessible seating of the stadium (page 9). Ritchie met with the officials and informed them she would not give up her front row seat, would be able to access her seat with potential complications, and was still intending a field pass offer. The NFL was concerned that Ritchies presence in a non-ADA accessible area would be a risk for her and others around her. The defendants offered her a field passes during the practice day before the pro bowl if she complied with the stadium ADA regulations. Although the Stadium Authority encouraged Ritchie to use her accessible seats offered, they informed her they would not block her from going to her seat as long as she didnt utilize the staff the get there. On game day, Ritchies wheelchair fails which resulted in her asking for assistance to get to her seat. The staff member obliged and gave her a wheelcha ir while assisting her to the seat. However, when the staff member learned that Ritchie was in the front row, he spoke with his superiors about the situation. Ritchie was allowed to sit in the seats if she could get to the seat on her own safely. With bystanders and other stadium authority, Ritchie was not able to make it to her seat without others noticing her off balance and at a high risk of falling yet she blamed her poor coordination on the staff not allowing her to move because they were so close to her. After the attempt of making it to her seat herself and being stopped by the stadium assistant to sit in the ADA accessible seating, Ritchie refused to comply with the stadium rules. If she didnt comply, Ritchie was to be escorted out of the stadium. Ritchie complied and went to her accessible seat begrudgingly. In 2014, Ritchie purchased front row seats for the Pro Bowl again. She was able to make it to her seat with assistance from a person she brought with her which Ritchie claims would have happened in 2013 had staff members not been in her way. There is video evidence of Ritchie using an individuals assistance while going down the stairs in 2014. Ritchie also has plans of attending several Pro Bowls for medical and personal reasons. State the problem For Ritchie to have legitimate claims against the NFL, she had to prove that she suffered an injury, that the injury is related to the NFLs actions, and the injury can be redressed by a decision in her favor. The problem is that Ritchie cannot trace the injury back to the NFL since Stadium Authority had control over the seating decisions and not the NFL. However, according to the license agreement, the NFL had the right to make all decisions regarding Aloha Stadium operations (page 25). Therefore, the NFL was denied its motion that Ritchie lacks standing regarding her disability. Because Ritchie was not allowed to sit in her original seat and the NFL did have control of seating arrangements, the summary judgment Ritchie had against state law claims was denied. The NFL also wanted assertion that all arguments they raised were equally applied to the State of Hawaii. This was denied since most the arguments applied to the NFLs actions. Neither Ritchie or the NFL had appropriate claims a gainst each other. Ritchie refused to take the ADA assigned seating offered to her as a compliment of not being allowed to sit in her purchased front row seat. Meanwhile, the NFL had no support for their claim against Ritchie having no standing of her disability. Share the verdict or final ruling in the case The court denied all motions against both the plaintiff and defendant. However, both parties reached an agreement in that the NFL will not have authority over seating decisions at the 2016 Pro Bowl. Instead, Stadium Authority will have control over the seating decisions. With the motions being denied, Ritchie conceded her ADA claims against the NFL and the case was dismissed (page 19). State if you agree or disagree with the verdict, and why? I agree with the outcome of the case. The NFL offered ADA accessible seating, which Ritchie took stubbornly after a hassle with a staff member, to accommodate a person with a disability. Even though the court case took time to conclude, the correct decision was made after the motions were brought up in the circuit court and denied in the State court. ADA accommodations were offered and accepted eventually, and the act was not violated by the NFL or Stadium Authority. On the contrary, the NFL did not have evidence for their motion against Ritchie having a lack of standing against disability discrimination. Imagine that you are the sport practitioner, what could have been done to prevent this case from occurring? As a sports practitioner, this court case is a tough one to analyze because the NFL and the State of Hawaii did everything correct given the circumstances. Unfortunately for the defendants, Deb Ritchie was not compliant until during the Pro Bowl when she realized she was not able to get to her seat on her own. If a fan purchased front-row tickets in advance and suffered a disability unexpectedly, I would first offer ADA options to the best of my ability just how the NFL did in this scenario. For a while, the communication was back and forth between the two parties involved. The communication was detailed on both ends. The plaintiff was stubborn and did not want to give up her good view for ADA seating that may or may not have a better view. She was finding different ways for her to maintain her seating arrangement by trying to upgrade her accessibility to get to her seat even though that wasnt the appropriate ADA regulation for the stadium. The opposition was being stubborn and did n ot want to offer a field pass where space was already limited and was not ADA regulated either. Through the emails back and forth, the parties remained firm on their positions and Ritchie was to sit in her front-row seat without assistance from the event staff or she would sit in the ADA seats offered to her. Like the NFL in this case, I would have been concerned about how Ritchie was going to get to her seat as well. Not only did she have the potential to harm herself getting to her front-row seat, there was potential of putting others in danger as well. Even though I empathize with her disability, as a sports practitioner, I am thinking of the safety of those in the surrounding environment. I would have required her to take the ADA seating and not offer her to sit in her front-row seat. Instead, I would offer her the same seats for the following year as a compliment. The NFL worked very well with Ritchie. As a sports practitioner, I admire the communication and ability to assist Ritchie even though she did not cooperate entirely at the start. This court case was eye-opening for the future sports practitioner especially with the growing awareness for ADA guidelines in facilities. References Edensor, T., Millington, S. (2008). This is Our City: branding football and local embeddedness. Global Networks, 8(2), 172-193. Fuller, C., Drawer, S. (2004). The application of risk management in sport. Sports Medicine, 34(6), 349-356. Lussier, R. N., Kimball, D. C. (2014). Applied sports management skills. (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Ritchie v. National Football League, Civ. No. 13-00525 JMS-BMK (D. Haw. June 20, 2016). Wassmer, R. W. (2001). Metropolitan prosperity from major league sports in the CBD: Stadia locations or just strength of the central city? A reply to Arthur C. Nelson. Economic Development Quarterly, 15(3), 266-271.

Psychological and Sociological Factors in Smoking Addiction Essay

Psychological and Sociological Factors in Smoking Addiction Understanding the habit of smoking tobacco The essay will discuss how smoking tobacco became a habit among people; what are the factors that affect the thinking of individuals in experimenting tobacco smoking; and what makes them think of quitting smoking. It will address both psychological and sociological ideas and will attempt to apply each idea in order to understand people’s lifestyles. Introduction Tobacco is a green and leafy plant and mostly grows in a warm environment. When it is fully grown, it will be harvested, dried, processed and can be used in different ways. It can be smoked in the form of cigarette, cigar, pipe, sniffle through the nose or it can also be chewed. In tobacco, there are thousands of chemicals and one of these chemicals is the nicotine that makes it addictive or can form a habit. Once you smoke tobacco, the nicotine goes to your bloodstream that triggers your body to want more. Nicotine is a drug and a stimulant that changes your body in some way. If you smoke, it speeds up part of your system (nervous) and makes you feel you have the energy to cope with your daily living. Smoking also make your heart beat faster and raise your blood pressure (Jacobs, 1997). However, Jarvis (2004), states that the link with nicotine addiction does not imply that pharmacological properties drives smoking behaviour in a simple way. It does not excludes other influences such as personal, social, economic and political and these influences play an important part in determining patterns of smoking prevalence (Jarvis, 2004). Psychological Aspects of the Habit of Smoking Once smoking became a habit or you became addicted, it is hard to beat. It is ... .../niceMedia/documents/smoking_low_income.pdf [Accessed 24th July 2010] Niven, N. and Robinson J. (1994) Psychology applied to nurses. In: MÃ ¼ller, D. Psychology applied to nurses’ series. Chippenham: Antony Rowe Ltd. Office of National Statistics (2010). General Lifestyle Survey, Smoking and Drinking among Adults 2008 [online]. London: statistics.gov.uk Available from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/GLF08/GLFSmoking&DrinkingAmongAdults2008.pdf [Accessed 20th July 2010] Office of National Statistics (2007). Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2007 [online] London: statistics.gov.uk Available from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_health/smoking2007.pdf [Accessed 25th July 2010] Office for National Statistics (2004) Prevalence of cigarette smoking by sex and age: 1974 to 2003: General Household Survey 2003 London: OPSI